Extract - Bug Report

Estimated Reading Time: 3-4 minutes In this week’s lesson, we explore the art of effective bug reporting. Bug reports are crucial for helping developers understand and fix issues efficiently.

What is a Bug Report?

A bug report is a document that provides a detailed description of a problem found in software. It’s essential because it serves as the first point of contact between the tester and the developer regarding an issue. A clear and concise bug report can save hours of back-and-forth, allowing developers to fix the problem quickly.

Bug Naming: Different Types of Bugs

  • Error:

    • Human mistakes, often caused by time pressure, lack of training, or fatigue. These are mistakes that lead to defects in code or documentation.

  • Defect (Bug/Fault):

    • An error in the documentation or code. If left undetected, it can result in issues at later stages in the lifecycle.

  • Failure:

    • When the defect is executed, the system may behave incorrectly or unexpectedly. Failures can happen under specific circumstances or sometimes not at all.

  • Other Causes of Failures:

    • Failures can also occur due to environmental conditions, like radiation or electromagnetic interference, affecting hardware or firmware.

Root Cause Analysis

When a defect or failure occurs, identifying the root cause is crucial. This analysis helps to prevent future similar issues by addressing the underlying problem, not just the symptoms.

Components of a Good Bug Report

To create a useful bug report, include the following:

  1. Title:

    2. A concise summary of the bug.

  2. Description:

    3. Provide a detailed explanation of what the issue is.

  3. Steps to Reproduce:

    4. Clear, step-by-step instructions that lead to the problem.

  4. Expected Result:

    5. What should happen if the software works as intended.

  5. Actual Result:

    6. What actually happens when the bug is encountered.

  6. Environment Details:

    7. Information such as browser version, OS, and device type that may be relevant.

  7. Attachments:

    8. Screenshots, logs, or video recordings to illustrate the issue.

Example of a Bug Report

Let's say you’re testing an e-commerce website and the checkout button isn’t working. Here's how a well-written bug report might look:

  • Title: Checkout Button Not Working
  • Description: The checkout button on the cart page is unresponsive.
  • Steps to Reproduce:
    1. Add items to the cart.
    2. Navigate to the cart page.
    3. Click the checkout button.
  • Expected Result: The user should proceed to the payment page.
  • Actual Result: The button does nothing.
  • Environment Details: Chrome 89, Windows 10.
  • Attachments: Screenshot of the cart page.

Best Practices for Writing Bug Reports

  1. Be Clear and Concise:

    2. Avoid vague or ambiguous language.

  2. Reproduce the Bug:

    3. Make sure you can replicate the bug consistently before reporting it.

  3. Use Proper Formatting:

    4. Well-organized bug reports are easier to understand and act on.

  4. Prioritize Bugs:

    5. Include information about the severity and priority of the bug to help developers focus on critical issues.

Bug Reporting Tools

In many software development teams, bug reporting is done through specialized tools like JIRA or Bugzilla, which help track issues from discovery to resolution.